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MMCSPERM - Top Quality, Fully Automated Sperm Analysis at the Lowest Prices
MMC Sperm (MultiMedia Catalog Sperm) is an automated image analysis software package for sperm quality analysis according to parameters recommended by WHO (World Health Organisation). This software is based on our MultiMedia Catalog (MMCATALOG) with the addition of dedicated routines for semen analysis. MMCSPERM represents the basis for Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis System (CASA) to be used in human reproduction (in andrology labs, ART, IVF clinics) for estimation of fertility/infertility and understanding its causes as well as in veterinary and animal, bee, fish breeding for calculation of sperm doses for artificial insemination.
We offer 3 levels of this product:
Installation and training is optional with MMCSPERM-002 and MMCSPERM-003
On-line software support is free for the first 6 months.
MAIN SYSTEM FEATURES:
MMC Sperm systems provides comprehensive accurate and reliable analysis of almost every possible sperm parameter including:
Here is a summary of the amazing functionality of this elegant and easy to use system:
ADVANTAGES OVER MANUAL OBSERVATION METHODS
Working with a camera system is much more comfortable than looking through eyepieces with far less strain.
Using MMC Sperm, you can record all the clips to your hard disk to repeat the motility analysis any time - without it you are restricted to the active lifetime of the spermatozoa under observation.
Morphology analysis becomes more accurate. The software will assess every cell that you have acquired fully automatically.
The use of the automated software for semen analysis helps to hugely decrease innacuracies and inconsistencies caused by manual interpretations . It is complicated to analyse, for instance, the form of sperm head by sight whereas with MMC Sperm you receive instant and consistent objective quantitative data: head length, width, area, form factor. The same applies to motility: estimation of sperm movement becomes more objective if you know its speed and exact track. But the final decision is always yours and you can correct the results of the automated analysis.By using a Computer Aided Sperm Analyser, it is much easier to train new staff in your laboratory and control the results of their work.The MultiMedia Catalog database provides the ability to create unlimited number of records with infinite number of fields to archive all the required patient information accurately and search for it fast.Having the ability to work over local network, you can select the suitable location of your database (e.g. on the firewall protected server with automatic backup procedures). Even if working on one PC, you are protected from data loss through two-stage deleting procedure in MultiMedia Catalog (if you delete a record, it goes to Recycle Bin first and can be restored).Selecting proper database field types helps you prevent misprints in your database (you may not enter text into numeric or time fields etc.) Drop-down lists will aid in fast and accurate filling the records with repeatable information. Special tool for insertion of predefined text blocks will aid you in filling the fields with related nomenclature, standard phrases etc.Your patients will enjoy informative reports with explanations, reference norm values, images (and whatever your creative imagination may produce).
MMC SPERM DATABASE FEATURES
MOTILITY ROUTINE
Sperm concentration assessment (M/ml) and motility analysis are performed on native samples by recording AVI clips (acquired live from your imaging device to PC memory or prerecorded to disk). The analysis strictly follows the requirements of the “WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction”. The analysis is based on frame by frame detection of sperm heads on video clips and building precise tracks which reveal the nature of sperm movement and provide sperm concentration value. The total number of sperms is also calculated automatically. One frame with tracks is automatically saved to database record to serve as visual support in the report or you can save a suitable frame yourself.
The following parameters are calculated:
VCL = curvilinear velocity (micron/s). Time-average velocity of a sperm head along its actual curvilinear path, as perceived in two dimensions in the microscope.
VSL = straight line velocity (micron/s). Time-average velocity of a sperm head along the straight line between its first detected position and its last.
VAP = average path velocity (micron/s). Time-average velocity of a sperm head along its average path. This path is computed by smoothing the actual path.
LIN = linearity. The linearity of a curvilinear path.
STR straightness. The linearity of the average path.
BCF = beat cross frequency (beats/s). The average rate at which the sperm's curvilinear path crosses its average path.
ALH = amplitude of lateral head displacement. Magnitude of lateral displacement of a sperm head about its average path.
WOB = wobble. A measure of oscillation of the actual path about the average path, VAP/VCL.
MAD mean angular displacement of the sperm head.
Elongation of sperm head.
Mean values of all the parameters are represented in statistics.
Based on the parameters mentioned above, the motility of each spermatozoon is graded A, B, C or D (WHO), according to whether it shows:
A = rapid progressive motility
B = slow or sluggish progressive motility
C = nonprogressive motility
D = immotility
A+B = progressive motility
A+B+C = total motiltiy
Additionally, the software enables the user to assess the concentration of:
MORPHOLOGY ROUTINE
Morphology of the sperm head is an important criterion for the correct diagnosis. The so
ftware is set up to analyze still images of smears stained with the Diff-Quik stain according to strict Krueger’s criteria. We have selected Diff-Quik as worldwide recognized leader in rapid staining of sperm. With Diff-Quik, the head is stained pale blue in the acrosomal region and dark blue in the post-acrosomal region which is a good basis for precise image analysis. The following parameters are assessed for every spermatozoon:
Area of the head.
FFC = form factor circle. The degree of similarity of the sperm head to a circle.
Perimeter of the head.
Brightness.
ELL_B = Big axis of ellipse outlining the sperm head, the length of the sperm head.
ELL_S = Small axis of ellipse outlining the sperm head, the width of the sperm head.
Elng = elongation of the sperm head.
FFE = form factor ellipse. The degree of similarity of the sperm head to an ellipse.
Acrosome = Percentage of the acrosomal region.
Mean values of all the parameters are represented in statistics.
The software classifies spermatozoa into Norm and Head Pathology classes automatically based on head parameters. You can easily correct the results manually and also specify other anomalies (Tail Pathology, Neck Pathology). An extended morphology classifier is available which allows you to specify the following spermatozoa structure abnormalities indicating potential infertility: tapered, pyriform, round, amorphous, vacuolated, small acrosome, double head, pinhead, bent neck, asymmetrical neck, thick insertion, thin neck, short tail, bent tail, coiled tail, excess residual cytoplasm (ERC).
In case you can not receive a good image of stained smear suitable for automated detection (e.g. because of incorrect sample preparation), there is a special tool which allows you to outline the cells manually.
STATISTICS
Statistics on all the parameters which have been measured in Motility and Morphology is displayed in the database (mean values of parameters). Statistics provides additional information on sperm quality. Corresponding database fields are filled in automatically during analysis like those for motility and morphology results. Statistics can be printed out to represent it to patient if required. Extended report template should be selected for this purpose (see below). Should the statistical data not be required for the patient, a brief report without statistics can be created.
All the raw data calculated for every spermatozoon can be automatically uploaded to separate text files for your extended research purposes.
VITALITY
Sperm vitality is an important test, especially for samples with less than about 40% progressively motile sperms. The percentage of live spermatozoa is assessed by identifying those with an intact cell membrane, from dye exclusion or by hypotonic swelling. The dye exclusion method is based on the principle that damaged plasma membranes, such as those found in non-vital (dead) cells, allow entry of membrane-impermeant stains. The hypo-osmotic swelling test presumes that only cells with intact membranes (live cells) will swell in hypotonic solutions. Sperm vitality should be assessed as soon as possible after liquefaction of the semen sample, preferably at 30 minutes, but in any case, within 1 hour of ejaculation, to prevent observation of deleterious effects of dehydration or of changes in temperature on vitality. It is clinically important to know whether immotile spermatozoa are alive or dead. Vitality results should be assessed in conjunction with motility results from the same semen sample. The presence of a large proportion of vital but immotile cells may be indicative of structural defects in the flagellum. A high percentage of immotile and non-viable cells (necrozoospermia) may indicate epididymal pathology.
DNA FRAGMENTATION
Sperm DNA fragmentation test provides additional information on semen fertility potential that can not be achieved by means of standard motility, morphology and vitality tests. We have selected the Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) method as simple, fast, accurate, and highly reproducible method for the analysis of sperm DNA fragmentation in semen and processed sperm (Fernández et. al., Journal of Andrology 2003 Jan-Feb;24(1):59-66). The SCD test utilizes the idea that after acid denaturation and removal of nuclear proteins sperm with non-fragmented DNA produce the well seen halo of dispersed DNA loops while spermatozoa with fragmented DNA fail to produce such halo. When somatic cells or spermatozoa with nonfragmented DNA are immersed in an agarose matrix and directly exposed to lysing solutions, the resulting deproteinized nuclei show extended halos of DNA dispersion. The halos correspond to relaxed DNA loops attached to the residual nuclear structure. These deproteinized nuclei are called "nucleoids". The presence of DNA breaks promotes the expansion of the halo of the nucleoid and is the basis for the halo test to detect DNA damage when sperm are treated with an acid solution prior to lysis buffer, the DNA dispersion halos that are observed in sperm nuclei with nonfragmented DNA after the removal of nuclear proteins are either minimally present or not produced at all in sperm nuclei with fragmented DNA. You can use Halosperm staining or contact us for cheaper alternatives.
MMC Sperm software allows you to detect and calculate percentage of fragmented sperms automatically. The method is adjusted for the use of bright field 40x lens, no expensive fluorescence staining and equipment required. Spermatozoa are automatically classified into sperms wit Big Halo, Medium Halo, Small Halo, Without Halo and Degraded.
DFI (DNA fragmentation index) is calculated which represents the percentage of fragmented sperms (small halo, without halo, degraded). The DFI below 15% represents fine fertility potential, DFI between 15% and 30% is associated with medium fertility while DFI more than 30% is correlated with bad fertility potential of semen. The distribution of fragmented sperms is represented with bar or pie chart. Special field is used to compare the result to user-defined reference value. For details, see description of measured parameters below.
MANUAL MEASUREMENTS
Manual measurements for special research or other individual tasks are available. You can make measurements on a series of images and send statistical results to previously assigned database fields. Such results will allow you to adjust your classifier limits to any special cases.
Most important image processing operations are available like cropping, image brightness, contrast and color adjustment, rotation and flip, resize, background subtraction etc. Enhance images with filters.
Use any 3rd-party image editors for extended processing and adding comments, figures etc. while still keeping your images in our database. An option allows you to assign external software for editing images and video.
VETERINARY AND ANIMAL BREEDING
MMC Sperm sperm quality analyzer can be successfully used in veterinary, animal breeding, bee breeding, fish breeding as well as in zoos for semen quality control and calcualtion of the number of doses for artificial insemination that can be produced from current sperm sample. Artificial insemination provides several advatages over natural mating: long range of transportation for frozen sperm, more effective use of semen of high quality thoroughbred animals, the use with the purpose of overcoming mating refusal (e.g., in national parks and zoos to breed endangered animal species). Success of artificial insemination directly depends on semen quality, therefore, application of computer assisted sperm analysis in breeding farms is consistently growing all over the world.
MMC Sperm semen analyzer provides special features for calculation of doses. You can set the following parameters in software options:
By the end of the semen quality analysis, the software calculates corresponding number of doses for artificial insemination and volume of extender that should be added to current sperm sample to get this number of doses.
REPORTING
All the data you have provided in the patient record along with automatically calculated parameters, corresponding bar or pie charts and images can be placed into your report (spermiogram). Spermiograms are based on *.rtf format which is recognized by virtually any text editors. You can integrate your spermiogram into any local document form or use our default templates. Internal document editor will allow you to create your own *.rtf files, save the resulting reports to corresponding records. Create as many templates as you need for your clinic: brief ones containing only text and prescriptions, full reports with all the statistical data and images, comprehensive charts and visually supported explanations to patient’s diagnosis. If you have some special requirements, please contact us. We will help to adjust the report.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Since MMC Sperm acts as a part of Computer Aided Sperm Analysis system, there are some special hardware requirements that you should consider. Generally, it is not so complicated to gather all the components of the system by yourself but we highly recommend contacting us to ask for a local distributor in your area to get all the equipment from one hand. If there is no distributor in your area, we will be happy to share direct contacts to reliable hardware manufacturers that we have collected during the years of our work. Our target is to earn on our software product, therefore we are ready to provide you any help in buying other hardware parts at the best price.
A Computer Aided Sperm Analyzer (CASA) consists of a PC with sperm analysis software installed, a microscope with imaging device attached to it and a special sperm counting chamber.
PC Hardware Requirements
PC requirements are mostly determined by the need of recording high resolution video clips at 60 fps speed in motility analysis. Other analyses are not that demanding. If you already have a modern PC that you would like to use, the first step would be ordering the required digital camera. MMC Sperm software provides a tool to test real PC performance with camera even in demo software mode. If you want to buy a new PC, follow the instructions below:
Counting Chambers
Special counting chambers with fixed depth should be used for motility analysis: Leja, Makler, MicroCell, Cell-Vu etc. Such chambers provide standard volume and monolayered distribution of sperms in one focal plane. We offer a handy and cost-effective alternative to well-known Makler counting chamber: reusable MMC-SK sperm counting chamber.
Counting slides are useful for a Computer Aided Sperm Analysis System if the clinic or laboratory has got a large volume of analyses.
GT Vision offer a wide range in disposable counting chambers for standard semen analysis. There are slides with 2 or 4 chambers and with chamber depths of 10 or 20 micron. The Leja slides have a standard low level of quantification which implies that even low sperm counts can be determined. The clinical implication of this is that you are well equipped to determine a threshold to choose between IUI, IVF, or ICSI for example. Leja slides are very easy to work with and allow a laboratory technician to quickly learn to perform an accurate count thus improving efficiency and quality.
SAMPLE PREPARATION
For details on sample preparation protocol, please refer to the WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen (5th edition 2010). This manual provides updated, standardized, evidence-based procedures and recommendations for laboratory managers, scientists and technicians to follow in examining human semen in a clinical or research setting. Detailed protocols for routine, optional and research tests are elaborated. Visit WHO web page for printed version.
Motility
Sperm concentration is estimated using special counting chambers with fixed depth to provide standard volume and distribute spermatozoa in one focal plane to let them move free and stay in focus all the time they are being tracked. Sperm counting chambers provide the ability to work with undiluted specimen. The preparation consists usually in mixing the sperm sample carefully while avoiding bubbles. If the specimen is highly mucous, it can be aspirated with syringe several times to make it more uniform.
Morphology
To achieve good quality images of stained spermatozoa for morphology assessment, seminal plasma should be diluted and removed after centrifugation. The sperm pellet is resuspended in an appropriate volume to obtain the highest sperm concentration possible, but not exceeding 80 x 10^6/ml. An aliquot of 0.2 to 0.5 ml of semen, depending on sperm concentration, is diluted to 10 ml with normal saline at room temperature. The tube is centrifuged at 800g for 10 minutes and most of the supernatant tipped off. The pellet is resuspended in the remaining saline, typically 20-40 µl, by gently tapping the tube. Then 5-10 µl of this suspension is placed on a glass microscope slide and the drop is spread across the slide with a pipette to make a smear as described below.
Preparation of smears. At least two smears should be made from the fresh semen sample for duplicate assessment and in case of problems with staining. The slides should first be thoroughly cleaned, washed in 70% ethanol and dried, before a small drop of semen (5 to 20 µl) is applied to the slide. If the sperm concentration is over 20 x 10^6/ml, then 5 µl of semen can be used: if the sperm concentration is less than 20 X 10^6/ml, then 10 to 20 µl of semen should be used. The 'feathering' technique whereby the edge of a second slide is used to drag a drop of semen along the surface of the cleaned slide may be used to make smears of spermatozoa, but care must be taken not to make the smears too thick. Feathering works well when viscosity is low but is often unsuitable for viscous semen. Alternatively, a drop of semen can be placed in the middle of a slide and then a second slide, face down, placed on top so that the semen spreads between them: the two slides are then gently pulled apart to make two smears simultaneously.
Diff-Quik
The software is adjusted to be used with Diff-Quik staining. Diff-Quik is a rapid staining kit recommended by WHO and popular worldwide. Rapid staining methods are particularly useful for clinical laboratories that have high throughput. A Diff-Quik kit consists of:
Fixative reagent (triarylmethane dye dissolved in methanol).
Staining solution 1, red (eosinophilic xanthene).
Staining solution 2, blue (basophilic thiazine).
How to use Diff-Quik:
To achieve a good staining, please follow the instructions supplied with your Diff-Quik kit!
Vitality
MMC Sperm semen quality analyzer provides two modes for sperm vitality analysis: automated and manual. In manual mode any available staining can be used: eosin, eosin-nigrosin, hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) or fluorescence staining. Automated sperm vitality analysis method is based on eosin alone (Eosin Y, colour index 45380). This is the fastest and cheapest method of spermatozoa staining. Preparation of reagents:
How to prepare vitality staining:
Nomenclature related to semen quality
Aspermia - no semen (no or retrograde ejaculation).
Asthenozoospermia - percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa (A+B classes) below the lower reference limit.
Asthenoteratozoospermia - percentages of both progressively motile (A+B classes) and morphologically normal spermatozoa below the lower reference limits.
Azoospermia - no spermatozoa in the ejaculate.
Cryptozoospermia - spermatozoa absent from fresh preparations but observed in a centrifuged pellet.
Haemospermia (haematospermia) - presence of erythrocytes in the ejaculate.
Leukospermia (leukocytospermia, pyospermia) - presence of leukocytes in the ejaculate above the threshold value.
Necrozoospermia - low percentage of live, and high percentage of immotile, spermatozoa in the ejaculate.
Normozoospermia - total number or concentration of spermatozoa, and percentages of progressively motile (A+B classes) and morphologically normal spermatozoa, equal to or above the lower reference limits.
Oligoasthenozoospermia - total number or concentration of spermatozoa, and percentages of progressively motile (A+B classes), below the lower reference limits.
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia - total number or concentration of spermatozoa, and percentages of both progressively motile (A+B classes)and morphologically normal spermatozoa, below the lower reference limits.
Oligoteratozoospermia - total number or concentration of spermatozoa, and percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa, below the lower reference limits.
Oligozoospermia - total number or concentration of spermatozoa below the lower reference limit.
Teratozoospermia - percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa below the lower reference limit.
Automated measurements of sperm quality parameters and database fields
This software measures a large set of semen quality parameters which we update on the regular basis. To send a parameter value to your database you have to create a numeric field with certain reserved field ID (internal field name that is being given while you create a new field, not to be confused with field label, which you can edit in field properties anytime). So, to add a new automeasurement result, you not only need to update the software (during updates, your database is not being changed automatically for security purposes) but also to add a new numeric field with given field name. This field starts to receive new measurement results. The table below represents the list of actual parameters being measured by the software and corresponding database fields.
Parameter | Field ID |
Volume - sample volume. This value is used to calculate the overall number of sperms in the sample. Should be filled in by the user before analysis. | Volume |
Motility | |
Sperms analyzed - the number of sperms that have been analyzed during the work of the Motilityroutine. Is used for quality control - according to WHO requirements 200-400 sperms should be analyzed. | CountMotility |
Fields analysed the number of microscope fields analyzed duringMotiltiy routine. Used for quality control. At least 4 fields in different spots of the coutning chamber recommended (however, priority should be given to the minimum number of analyzed sperms, see above). | MotilityFrames |
Concentration M/ml - sperm concentration in millions per milliliter. | Concentration |
Status concentration - the result of comparison to normal reference values given in the software options. Field values - Passed or Failed. | statusConc |
Total number of sperms in the current sample. Is calculated based on the value of the Volume field. Should the Volume field be empty, the total number is not being calculated. Make sure to fill in sample volume before analysis! | TotalCount |
Status total number - the result of comparison to normal reference values given in the software options. Field values - Passed or Failed. | statusTotal |
A+B, % - percentage of progressively motile sperms. | A_plus_B |
Status А+В - the result of comparison to normal reference values given in the software options. Field values - Passed or Failed. | statusPR |
A+B+C, % - percentage of motile sperms in the sample including nonprogressively motile ones. | ABC |
Status А+В+С - the result of comparison to normal reference values given in the software options. Field values - Passed or Failed. | statusPR_NP |
Class A, % - percentage of sperms moving fast and straight. | Class_A |
Class A, M/ml - concentration of sperms moving fast and straight. | A_conc |
Class A, total - number of sperms moving fast and straight. | A_total |
Class B, % - percentage of sperms moving slow but straight. | Class_B |
Class B, M/ml - concentration of sperms moving slow but straight. | B_conc |
Class B, total - number of sperms moving slow but straight. | B_total |
Class C, % - percentage of nonprogressively moving sperms. | Class_C |
Class C, M/ml - concentration of nonprogressively moving sperms. | C_conc |
Class C, total - number of nonprogressively moving sperms. | C_total |
Class D, % - percentage of immotile sperms. | Class_D |
Class D, M/ml - concentration of immotile sperms. | D_conc |
Class D, total - number of immotile sperms. | D_total |
A_VCL - average value of VCL parameter among spermatozoa of class A . | A_VCL |
A_VSL - average value of VSL parameter among spermatozoa of class A. | A_VSL |
A_VAP - average value of VAP parameter among spermatozoa of class A. | A_VAP |
A_ALH - average value of ALH parameter among spermatozoa of class A. | A_ALH |
A_BCF - average value of BCF parameter among spermatozoa of class A. | A_BCF |
A_LIN - average value of LIN parameter among spermatozoa of class A. | A_LIN |
A_STR - average value of STR parameter among spermatozoa of class A. | A_STR |
A_WOB - average value of WOB parameter among spermatozoa of class A. | A_WOB |
A_MAD - average value of MAD parameter among spermatozoa of class A. | A_MAD |
B_VCL - average value of VCL parameter among spermatozoa of class B. | B_VCL |
B_VSL - average value of VSL parameter among spermatozoa of class B. | B_VSL |
B_VAP - average value of VAP parameter among spermatozoa of class B. | B_VAP |
B_ALH - average value of ALH parameter among spermatozoa of class B. | B_ALH |
B_BCF - average value of BCF parameter among spermatozoa of class B. | B_BCF |
B_LIN - average value of LIN parameter among spermatozoa of class B. | A_LIN |
B_STR - average value of STR parameter among spermatozoa of class B. | B_STR |
B_WOB - average value of WOB parameter among spermatozoa of class B. | B_WOB |
B_MAD - average value of MAD parameter among spermatozoa of class B. | B_MAD |
C_VCL - average value of VCL parameter among spermatozoa of class C. | C_VCL |
C_VSL - average value of VSL parameter among spermatozoa of class C. | C_VSL |
C_VAP - average value of VAP parameter among spermatozoa of class C. | C_VAP |
C_ALH - average value of ALH parameter among spermatozoa of class C. | C_ALH |
C_BCF - average value of BCF parameter among spermatozoa of class C. | C_BCF |
C_LIN - average value of LIN parameter among spermatozoa of class C. | C_LIN |
C_STR - average value of STR parameter among spermatozoa of class C. | C_STR |
C_WOB - average value of WOB parameter among spermatozoa of class C. | C_WOB |
C_MAD - average value of MAD parameter among spermatozoa of class C. | C_MAD |
D_VCL - average value of VCL parameter among spermatozoa of class D. | D_VCL |
D_VSL - average value of VSL parameter among spermatozoa of class D. | D_VSL |
D_VAP - average value of VAP parameter among spermatozoa of class D. | D_VAP |
D_ALH - average value of ALH parameter among spermatozoa of class D. | C_ALH |
D_BCF - average value of BCF parameter among spermatozoa of class D. | D_BCF |
D_LIN - average value of LIN parameter among spermatozoa of class D. | D_LIN |
D_STR - average value of STR parameter among spermatozoa of class D. | D_STR |
D_WOB - average value of WOB parameter among spermatozoa of class D. | C_WOB |
D_MAD - average value of MAD parameter among spermatozoa of class C. | D_MAD |
White blood cells, M/ml - concentration of white blood cells calculated manually in Motility routine. | WBC |
Immature germ cells, M/ml - immature germ cells calculated manually in Motility routine. | ImmatureCell |
Round cells, M/ml - round cells calculated manually in Motility routine. | RoundCell |
Vitality | |
Vitality, sperms analyzed - number of sperms analyzed during the work of theVitality routine. Is used for quality control. Minimum of 200 spermatozoa should be analyzed. | VitTotal |
Vitality, % - % of live sperms. Result of the Vitality routine. | Vitality |
Dead, % - % of dead sperms. Result of the Vitality routine. | Dead |
Status vitality the result of comparison to normal reference values given in the software options. Field values - Passed or Failed. | statusVit |
Total live number the number of live spermatozoa in the specimen. Calculated based on the number in the Total number field, Motility section. | live_total |
Morphology | |
Sperms analysed - number of sperms that have been processed during the work of the Morphology routine. Is used for quality control - according to WHO requirements 200-400 sperms should be analyzed. | CountMorphology |
Norm, % - percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology as per assession in Morphology routin. | Norm |
Status morphology - the result of comparison to normal reference values specified in software options. Field values - Passed or Failed. | statusMorph |
In the Morphology routine, all pathologycal forms are calculated in two versions % rel. to total (percentage of spermatozoa with given pathology relative to total number of sperms that have been analyzed) and % rel. to anomalies (percentage of spermatozoa with given pathology relative to all pathological sperms that have been analyzed, is used to highlight prevailing pathology in given sample). Field IDs of % rel. to anomalies differ by added P letter. | |
% rel. to total parameters, simplified classifier: | |
Head pathology. | HeadPathology |
Neck pathology. | NeckPathology |
Tail pathology. | TailPathology |
ERC - excess residual cytoplasm. | ERC |
% rel. to anomalies, simplified classifier: | |
Head pathology. | HeadPathologyP |
Neck pathology. | NeckPathologyP |
Tail pathology. | TailPathologyP |
ERC - excess residual cytoplasm. | ERCP |
% rel. to total parameters, extended classifier: | |
Tapered heads | Tapered |
Pyriform heads | Pyriform |
Amorphous heads, type 1 - amorphous pyriform. | Amorphous1 |
Amorphous heads, type 2 - amorphous tapered. | Amorphous2 |
Amorphous heads, type 3 - amorphous oval. | Amorphous3 |
Vacuolated heads | Vacuolated |
Round heads, no acrosome | Round_no_acrosome |
Round small heads | Round_small |
Heads with small acrosome | Small_acrosome |
Double heads | Double_head |
Pinheads | Pinhead |
Bent necks | Bent_neck |
Necks with assymetrical insertion | Asymmetrical |
Thick necks | Thick |
Thick necks | Thin |
Short tails | Short |
Bent tails | Bent_tail |
Coiled tails | Coiled |
% rel. to anomalies parameters, extended classifier: | |
Tapered heads | TaperedP |
Pyriform heads | PyriformP |
Amorphous heads, type 1 - amorphous pyriform. | Amorphous1P |
Amorphous heads, type 2 - amorphous tapered. | Amorphous2P |
Amorphous heads, type 3 - amorphous oval. | Amorphous3P |
Vacuolated heads | VacuolatedP |
Round heads, no acrosome | Round_no_acrosomeP |
Round small heads | Round_smallP |
Heads with small acrosome | Small_acrosomeP |
Double heads | Double_headP |
Pinheads | PinheadP |
Bent necks | Bent_neckP |
Necks with assymetrical insertion | AsymmetricalP |
Thick necks | ThickP |
Thick necks | ThinP |
Short tails | ShortP |
Bent tails | Bent_tailP |
Coiled tails | CoiledP |
TZI/MAI along with simplified classifier - TZI (1-4 anomalies per spermatozoon), along with extended classifier - MAI (can be more than 4 anomalies). | TZI |
Area - average value of Head area parameter for normal spermatozoa. | N_Area |
Length - average value of Head length parameter for normal spermatozoa. | N_Lenght |
Width - average value of Head width parameter for normal spermatozoa. | N_Widht |
Elongation - average value of Head elongation parameter for normal spermatozoa. | N_Elongation |
Acrosome - average value of параметра Acrosome % parameter for normal spermatozoa. | N_Acrosome |
Form Factor Ellipse - average value of FFE parameter for normal spermatozoa. | N_FFE |
Area - average value of Head area parameter for normal spermatozoa. | P_Area |
Length - average value of Head length parameter for normal spermatozoa. | P_Lenght |
Width - average value of Head width parameter for normal spermatozoa. | P_Widht |
Elongation - average value of Head elongation parameter for normal spermatozoa. | P_Elongation |
Acrosome - average value of параметра Acrosome % parameter for normal spermatozoa. | P_Acrosome |
Form Factor Ellipse - average value of FFE parameter for normal spermatozoa. | P_FFE |
DNA Fragmentation | |
DNA, sperms analyzed - number of sperms analyzed during the work of the DNA Fragmentation routine. Is used for quality control. Minimum of 500 spermatozoa should be analyzed. | DNA_total |
Big halo, % - percentage of spermatozoa producing big halo after treatment by Sperm Chromatin Dispersion method during the work of the DNA Fragmentation routine. Sperms with big halo are considered nonfragmented. | BigHalo |
Medium halo, % - percentage of spermatozoa producing medium halo after treatment by Sperm Chromatin Dispersion method during the work of the DNA Fragmentation routine. Sperms with medium halo are considered nonfragmented. | MediumHalo |
Small halo, % - percentage of spermatozoa producing small halo after treatment by Sperm Chromatin Dispersion method during the work of the DNA Fragmentation routine. Sperms with small halo are considered those with fragmented DNA. | SmallHalo |
Without halo, % - percentage of spermatozoa not producing any halo after treatment by Sperm Chromatin Dispersion method during the work of the DNA Fragmentation routine. Sperms without halo are considered those with fragmented DNA. | WithoutHalo |
Degraded, % - percentage of spermatozoa not producing any halo and having pale staining after treatment by Sperm Chromatin Dispersion method during the work of the DNA Fragmentation routine. Sperms without halo are considered those with fragmented DNA. | Degraded |
DFI - DNA Fragmentation Index, percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA: smal halo + without halo + degraded. The result of the work of the DNA Fragmentation routine. | DFI |
Status DNA the result of comparison to normal reference values given in the software options. Field values - Passed or Failed. | statusDNA |
Veterinary and animal breeding | |
Doses - number of doses which can be prepared from current sample. Dose volume and required number of sperms per dose can be specified in software option. | doses |
Volume of diluent - volume of extender (diluent) that should be added to get the required number of doses calculated in Doses field. | diluent_vol |
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